Hypokalemia (serum potassium level less than 3.6 mEq per L [3.6 mmol per L]) occurs in up to 21% of hospitalized patients and 2% to 3% of outpatients. A standing weight is the most accurate. Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Hypernatremia Potentially Related To Dehydration Severe diarrhea Fever Vomiting Poorly controlled diabetes Certain medications Kidney disease Diabetes insipidus Extensive burns Evidenced By Extreme thirst Fatigue Headache Nausea Lethargy Confusion Muscle twitching or spasms Seizures Coma Desired Outcomes A low serum potassium concentration is perhaps the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in clinical practice. NCP (Hypokalemia) | PDF - Scribd Explain what hyperkalemia is, and how it affects the vital organs such as the kidneys and heart. The majority of potassium is stored in the intracellular compartment. RN, BSN, PHNClinical Nurse Instructor, Emergency Room Registered NurseCritical Care Transport NurseClinical Nurse Instructor for LVN and BSN students. 3. Assess urine output and kidney function through BUN, GFR, and creatinine levels. A blood test is performed to check the levels of electrolytes in the blood including potassium. (See "Causes of hypokalemia in adults".). Intravenous calcium should be administered if hyperkalemic ECG changes are present. Normally, your blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Used in the treatment of potassium deficiency when oral replacement is not feasible. and, i didn't The normal blood potassium level is 3.5 5.0 mEq/L. Hypokalemia | Definition & Patient Education - Healthline 1. Biochemistry is needed to check for the level of serum potassium. The signs and symptoms of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia depend on how critical the potassium level is and how rapid the rise and fall in potassium levels happens: Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia typically happen as a result of another problem. This helps the patient gain muscle strength and confidence in performing self care. Hypokalemia is serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq/L (< 3.5 mmol/L) caused by a deficit in total body potassium stores or abnormal movement of potassium into cells. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, paralysis, breathing and swallowing problems (because of muscle paralysis), and irregular heart rate in serious conditions. Crackles. Patients with heart failure may experience hyperkalemia due to their medications (ACE inhibitors and beta blockers). 2. In this new version of a pioneering text, all introductory chapters have been rewritten to provide nurses with the essential information they need to comprehend assessment, its relationship to diagnosis and clinical reasoning, and the purpose and application of taxonomic organization at the bedside. Treating these conditions involves monitoring and preventing hypo/hyperkalemia. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. Check for safety hazards in the patients environment.Assess the following environmental factors: 5. Review the patients current medications.Imbalanced potassium and the use of cardiac medications (used to treat dysrhythmias) greatly increase the risk for muscle weakness and potential falls. A focused history includes evaluation for possible GI losses, review of medications, and assessment for underlying cardiac comorbidities. However, diuretics, particularly loop diuretics, may play a role in the treatment of some forms of chronic hyperkalemia, such as that caused by hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.39,44 Fludrocortisone is an option for hyperkalemia associated with mineralocorticoid deficiency, including hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.29. 4. Hypokalemia NCLEX Review Notes - Registered Nurse RN
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