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", Table of physical and thermal properties of air at atmospheric pressure:[43][44], Solar radiation (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the Sun. The relative amounts of major atmospheric gases have changed dramatically since Earth's early history, but they have been relatively stable for thousands of years. In most circumstances, atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. But what you dont see is air lots of it. Explain the relationship between differences in atmospheric pressure National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Earth's surface) is typically the warmest section of the troposphere. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. They are. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6km (3.5mi; 18,000ft) of the troposphere. Air Pressure | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration It extends from the stratopause at an altitude of about 50km (31mi; 160,000ft) to the mesopause at 8085km (5053mi; 260,000280,000ft) above sea level. 0 Chapter 1: Atmospheric Basics - Atmospheric Processes and Phenomena 0 For example, O2 and O3 absorb almost all radiation with wavelengths shorter than 300 nanometers. Images are updated every 10 minutes, with a delay of around 20 to 30minutes. c On weather maps, a low pressure system is labeled with red L. A high pressure system has higher pressure at its center than the areas around it. g On a weather map, you may notice a blue H, denoting the location of a high pressure system. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Before this time, any oxygen produced by photosynthesis was consumed by the oxidation of reduced materials, notably iron. Standard sea-level pressure, by definition, equals 760 mm (29.92 inches) of mercury, 14.70 pounds per square inch, 1,013.25 103 dynes per square centimetre, 1,013.25 millibars, one standard atmosphere, or 101.325 kilopascals. Atmospheric pressure varies widely on Earth, and these changes are important in studying weather and climate. Various authorities consider it to end at about 10,000 kilometres (6,200mi)[23] or about 190,000 kilometres (120,000mi)about halfway to the moon, where the influence of Earth's gravity is about the same as radiation pressure from sunlight. This means the density of air is high inside the balloon. The cryosphere encompasses the frozen parts of Earth, including glaciers and ice sheets, sea ice, and any other frozen body of water. Meteorologists describe the atmospheric pressure by how high the mercury rises.An atmosphere (atm) is a unit of measurement equal to the average air pressure at sea level at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). T Earth is not the only world with an atmosphere. Colder objects emit less radiation, with longer wavelengths. [18] The altitudes of the five layers are as follows: The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere (though it is so tenuous that some scientists consider it to be part of interplanetary space rather than part of the atmosphere).