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The most impactful statement of government policy on the preparation and professional development of teachers was the 2002 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (Whitehurst, 2002), known as the No Child Left Behind Act. Professional development, according to the No Child Left Behind Act, should be offered to improve teachers knowledge of the subject matter they teach, strengthen their classroom management skills, advance their understanding and implementation of effective teaching strategies, and build their capabilities to address disparities in education. Strategies for Making Fitness Fun! Journal of Pediatric Psychology 34(2):217-225. Types of culminating activities can include: a demonstration, an exhibit, an event, or a study. 2012a. Physical education is a formal content area of study in schools that is standards based and encompasses assessment based on standards and benchmarks. A performance-based assessment is open-ended and without a single, correct answer, and it should demonstrate authentic learning, such as the creation of a newspaper or class debate. Please visit our new UK website to purchase Human Kinetics printed or eBooks. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. Part I: Object-control skill development. Jenkinson, K. A., and A. C. Benson. Include in this measurement and reporting system data to monitor the benefits and adaptations made or needed for children with disabilities. 1998. Dwyer and colleagues (2003) examined Toronto teachers perspectives on why children were not engaged in daily physical education. http://www.learningforward.org/standards/standards-list#.UUhuMKK7mXw (accessed March 19, 2013). Exhibitions and event tasks are other au- thentic . National Physical Activity Plan. Personal fitness: Looking good/feeling good. In comparison with data prior to 2006, more states have developed mandates for physical education at both the elementary and secondary school levels. Movementthe content of physical education. Of importance to this analysis is the distinction made between state statutes and administrative codes, which accords with the definition proffered by Perna and colleagues (2012): At the state level, the 2 primary official public policy levers referred to as codified law used for developing school-based physical education policy are 1) statutory laws (laws enacted by the given State legislature); and 2) administrative laws (rule and regulations by state executive branch agencies, such as the Department of Education) (p. 1594). Health-related fitness is rarely integrated into instruction. Stakeholders periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the total physical education program. Leadership: Professional learning that increases educator effectiveness and results for all students requires skillful leaders who develop capacity, advocate, and create support systems for professional learning. Because it is guaranteed to reach virtually all children, physical education is the only sure opportunity for nearly all school-age children to access health-enhancing physical activities. However, the time spent in vigorous- or moderate-intensity physical activity could be increased by 6 minutes if the physical education curriculum were to incorporate a standardized curriculum such as SPARK (discussed in detail below) (Bassett et al., 2013). In Research linking teacher preparation and student performance: Teacher education yearbook, Vol. Basic nutrition and benefits of a healthy diet. Resources: Professional learning that increases educator effectiveness and results for all students requires prioritizing, monitoring, and coordinating resources for educator learning.