3. It would be a different story if we were to regard algae as potentially suitable for mass harvesting, so that their ability to grow like wildfire in the presence of fertilizer runoffs from the land was regarded as "productivity" rather than as a profound nuisance. The food source of a given form of zooplankton is typically driven by its own size, with microzooplankton grazing on the prokaryotes and smaller eukaryotes and multicellular zooplankton grazing on larger eukaryotes, both phytoplankton and microzooplankton. Benthic ecosystems include coral reefs, seagrass beds, and other systems in shallow coastal areas and deep hydrothermal vents, the abyssal plain, and other systems in the deep sea. You have authorized LearnCasting of your reading list in Scitable. But, blink and you'd miss it! Instead, any residual organic matter remains to be degraded by bacteria. Why Gross Primary Productivity? - IosFuzhu In some temperate and subpolar regions, productivity reaches a maximum during the spring as the phytoplankton transition from light to nutrient limitation. PDF Primary Productivity Worksheet - Mrs. Hall's Classes Only a fraction of the organic matter produced in the surface ocean has the fate of being exported to the deep ocean. Algae that live in the epipelagic zone are responsible for much of the original food production for the entire ocean and create at least 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere (both through photosynthesis). Why does photosynthesis specifically produce glucose? This high efficiency of decomposition is due to the fact that the organisms carrying out the decomposition rely upon it as their sole source of chemical energy; in most of the open ocean, the heterotrophs only leave behind the organic matter that is too chemically resistant for it to be worth the investment to decompose. Dead material can sink to the ocean depths in an open ocean. The deepest known ocean depth is nearly 11,000 m (36,000 feet or almost 7 miles). The open ocean is an enormous place. In addition, new methods, both microscopic and genetic, are revealing a previously unappreciated diversity of smaller eukaryotes in the open ocean. Open Ocean - Oceana There are caveats regarding the use of satellite-derived chlorophyll maps to deduce productivity, phytoplankton abundance, and their variation. Of the organic matter produced by phytoplankton (NPP), most is respired back to dissolved inorganic forms within the surface ocean and thus recycled for use by phytoplankton (Eppley & Peterson 1979) (Figure 1). The multicellular zooplankton also often facilitate the production of sinking organic matter, for example, through the production of fecal pellets by copepods. But this is not the case. The Biological Productivity of the Ocean - Nature "Net ecosystem production" (NEP) is GPP minus the respiration by all organisms in the ecosystem. Click here or below to download hands-on marine science activities for kids. On average, the ocean is about 12,100 feet (3,688 m) deep. Nevertheless, ocean biology is responsible for the storage of more carbon away from the atmosphere than is the terrestrial biosphere (Broecker 1982). They spend their entire lives surrounded by water on all sides and do not know that anything else even exists. PDF The Process of Primary Production - University of Michigan The surface layers are warmer and have more light. In this case, NEP is also often referred to as "export production" (or "new production" (Dugdale & Goering 1967), as discussed below).
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