Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The Great Lakes | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Great Lakes are estimated to have been formed at the end of the Last Glacial Period (the Wisconsin glaciation ended 10,000 to 12,000 years ago), when the Laurentide Ice Sheet receded. [92], Researchers have found more than 22million pounds (10.0kt) of plastic in the Great Lakes each year. In addition, the mussels may be a nuisance to industries by clogging pipes. Sailors of bulk freighters transferring cargoes from Lake Superior and northern Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to ports on Lake Erie or Ontario commonly refer to the latter as the lower lakes and Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior as the upper lakes. Rising Waters Threaten Great Lakes Communities Drainage through the Ottawa River valley ceased, and outflow from the upper lakes was established by way of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers into Lake Erie. [52] Traversing the shoreline of all the lakes would cover a distance roughly equivalent to travelling half-way around the world at the equator. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. 5 Great Lakes Beaches In Wisconsin That Feel Like The Ocean [49] This is enough water to cover the 48 contiguous U.S. states to a uniform depth of 9.5 feet (2.9m). Many other water sports are practiced on the lakes such as yachting, sea kayaking, diving, kitesurfing, powerboating, and lake surfing. [82], Phosphate detergents were historically a major source of nutrient to the Great Lakes algae blooms in particular in the warmer and shallower portions of the system such as Lake Erie, Saginaw Bay, Green Bay, and the southernmost portion of Lake Michigan. Right now, the outflow, combined with evaporation both natural and man made, is larger than the inflow. Doty, ship that sank in Lake Michigan 112 years ago, found largely intact near Milwaukee", "Great Lake Seaway Cargoes American Great Lakes Ports Association", "Federal Statute on Great Lakes. Except when the water is frozen during winter, more than 100 lake freighters operate continuously on the Great Lakes,[123] which remain a major water transport corridor for bulk goods. The Great Lakes are connected by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal to the Gulf of Mexico via the Illinois River (from the Chicago River) and the Mississippi River.
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